Coffee Benefits - 1019 Words

Benefits [edit] Reduced risk of Alzheimer s disease Several studies comparing moderate coffee drinkers (about 2 cups a day) with light coffee drinkers (less than one cup a day) found that those who drank more coffee were significantly less likely to develop Alzheimer s disease later in life. [2][3] [edit] Reduced risk of gallstone disease Drinking caffeinated coffee has been correlated with a lower incidence of gallstones and gallbladder disease in both men[4] and women[5] in two studies performed by the Harvard School of Public Health. A lessened risk was not seen in those who drank decaffeinated coffee. [edit] Reduced risk of Parkinson s disease A study comparing heavy coffee drinkers (3.5 cups a day) with non-drinkers found†¦show more content†¦Aside from keeping you alert and awake, coffee can also keep you young and fighting cancer. So, continue reading for answers to some frequently asked questions about coffee and its antioxidants. What are antioxidants? Antioxidants are any vitamin or nutrient that can help prevent cancer or damage to the heart and other tissues caused by free radicals. By neutralizing free radicals, they prevent cell degradation. Antioxidant rich foods include blueberries, raspberries, dates, chocolate and, of course, coffee. What type of antioxidants are in coffee? The antioxidants found in coffee are called polyphenols. More specifically, the compound is methylpridinium. The antioxidant isn t present in raw, green coffee beans, but is actually created during the roasting process. How much coffee is enough? Research has shown that people who drink one to two coffees a day have half the risk of developing liver cancer when compared to people who didn t drink coffee. Meanwhile, drinking 4 to 6 cups of coffee can reduce your risk for type-2 diabetes by as much as 50 percent. However, despite the reduced risk for these diseases and other cancers, like oral, esophageal, and pharyngeal cancer, doctors don t recommend you start drinking 10 cups a day. Coffee is still a stimulant and a diuretic and if drunk in excess can cause heart problems, anxiety and possible dangerously elevated blood pressure. Can I get these antioxidants from other sources? TheShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of The Coffee Drink Coffee2071 Words   |  9 Pages Did you know that worldwide over half a trillion cups of coffee are consumed each year and that water is the only beverage that is drank more often? How about that half a billion cups are drank each day in the United States alone? That totals over one-hundred and fifty billion cups per year (RandomFacts 1)! Most likely a very small percentage know these facts off hand. Even after being an avid coffee drinker myself for many years this is news to me as well. Just take a moment to think aboutRead MoreThe And Health Benefits Of Coffee3372 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction 2 1.1 History of coffee 2 1.2 Types of coffee 3 1.3 Coffee and health 4 2. Antioxidants and potential health benefits 4 2.1 Caffeine 5 2.2 Chlorogenic acid and potential health benefit 6 2.3 Diterpenes and health benefits 7 2.4 Other health benefits 9 Not only oxidant are contributed to health, coffee also have positive effect on body. 9 2.4.1 Prevention of Colorectal Cancer 9 2.4.2 Antioxidant in coffee reduces DNA damage 9 2.4.3 Antioxidant in coffee contributes to weight control 11Read MoreTopic On Benefits Of Drinking Coffee960 Words   |  4 PagesOutline Topic: Benefits of drinking coffee. General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the class of some of the many ways in which coffee can have a positive impact on your health. Thesis Statement: Drinking coffee can benefit your health in a number of ways, including lowering your risk of developing (1) cardiovascular problems, (2) neurological diseases, and (3) certain kinds of cancer. Introduction I. [Attention Getter] By show of hands, how many of you drink coffee on a daily orRead MoreBenefits Of Small Coffee Shops Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhile larger coffee shops franchises have the benefit of offering fairly predictable beverages at every location, local coffee shops tend to be the favorites of citizens of any particular town. The cozy atmospheres offered at these coffee shops are often what draw their customers, along with their unique takes on traditional coffee shop beverages. For anyone visiting or living in Tulsa, Oklahoma, here is a list (and descriptions) of the top three independently owned local coffee shops: ShadesRead MoreCoffee Consumption : The Health Benefits1831 Words   |  8 Pages Coffee Consumption: The Health Benefits By: Kate Spinosa â€Å"Americans run on Dunkin†, this is a phrase that almost everyone knows or has heard in their lifetime. Over 500 billion cups of coffee are consumed annually worldwide [1]. There are on average 70 countries that grow the coffee plant for coffee production, and coffee trade is exceeding 10 billion dollars worldwide [1]. While water is the most consumed drink globally, coffee is the actually the next most consumed beverage [1]Read MoreShould Coffee Be Benefit Or Harm? Health?1447 Words   |  6 PagesxStatement of Position Coffee is one of the most popular beverages all over the world. Many people love the smell and taste of coffee, and rely on it to help them invigorate their brains and keep refreshed. However, whether coffee is benefit or harm to health is a controversial topic that draws people’s attention all the time. As a result of coffee’s popularity, even small health effects may cause significant public health consequences. More and more studies focus on coffee consumption in connectionRead MoreHealth Benefits And Side Effects On The Consumption Of Coffee2973 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction The consumption of coffee is an essential staple to start an early morning in the United States and worldwide (Freedman et al. 2012). Like coffee, caffeine is a component that also can be present in energy drinks, tea, and pre-workout supplements. But to be specific, coffee, according to statistics has over 150 million people who drink an average of 3.2 cups of coffee daily, which means that about 400 million cups of coffee every day is consumed. (Patil et al. 2011) For some peopleRead MoreCaffeine, Caffeine And Health Benefits Between Coffee And Energy Drinks And How They Each Affect Brain Function1242 Words   |  5 Pagespeople either enjoy to drink a cup of coffee, an energy drink, or sometimes both. People drink these without any knowledge of them other than the fact that they contain caffeine. How much caffeine do they contain though? Are these drinks even considered to be healthy for humans? There are various differences in the nutritional facts, caffeine absorption, and hea lth benefits between coffee and energy drinks and how they each affect brain function. Black coffee is typically composed of caffeine, potassiumRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Coffee956 Words   |  4 PagesThe Health Benefits of Coffee An informative essay presented to Dr. Marianne Jennifer M. Gaerlan Department of English and Applied Linguistics De La Salle University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for ENGLCOM Term 1, AY 2012-2013 By: Divina Kristina S. Red V24B 14 August 2012 Have you ever questioned the existence of coffee or even wondered what it contains? Coffee is a drink that most people of today are familiar with and it is not just yourRead MoreHealth and Wealth Benefits at Perfect Brew Coffee Company1218 Words   |  5 PagesPerfect Brew Coffee Company Determine what health and welfare benefit programs should be offered? Of the 225 employees at Perfect Brew Coffee, only fifty are full-time employees who are eligible for a benefits package, or slightly under twenty five percent of the total workforce. Of these employees, just under half are unionized (20 employees). Currently PCB is offering limited benefits to their full-time employees consisting of health insurance, vacation and sick leave. The union employees

Kant s Philosophy On Moral Education - 1554 Words

Paper One: Kant on Moral Education Jennifer Penkov: 1345217 Phil 444, Dr Alan McLuckie Friday, February 12, 2016 Word Count: 1, 567 This paper will focus on Kant s account of a moral education as found in his Lectures on Pedagogy. It will begin by discussing why Kant believed that education, specifically moral education, is necessary for a human being to realize her Bestimmung (destiny), but not necessary for non-rational animals to reach their natural vocations. It will analyze the role a moral education (the general development of morality) plays in becoming human and will continue by outlining the structure and key points of Kant s hypothetical moral educational system. Finally this paper will highlight possible conflict between education and autonomy (a concept vital to his broader moral philosophy) but will ultimately argue that moral education is compatible with the notion of the intelligible self. Kant makes it explicit in his work that the human being is the only creature that requires education to reach its natural destiny. In order to fully make sense of this notion, it is first neces sary to briefly discuss the twofold nature of the human self as explained in Critique of Pure Reason and developed in Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. The human being is thought of as participating in both the empirical and intelligible realms. The empirical self is sensual and determined, in that it participates in the natural world and is governed by the laws of natureShow MoreRelatedThird Breaking Down His Most Important Philosophies1097 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Diaz Professor Keedy April 17, 2015 Core Comp. II Discovery Draft Part 2 Third-Breaking down his most important philosophies: I. Present and explain in depth the each of the following: A. How he came up with such ideas. B. Provide example/ apply to life: 1. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 2. Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science 3. Critique of Practical Reason 4. Critique of the Power of Judgment 5. Critique of Pure Reason a. Knowledge b. Metaphysics Topic: CritiqueRead MoreDeontology Theory : Ethics And Moral Reasoning1137 Words   |  5 PagesDeontology theory-Immoral/moral behavior Jeann Henry PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ1519B) Instructor: Julie Pedersen May 21, 2015 â€Æ' Is it right for our society to be held for immoral behavior when it is already being displayed in our society and within the cultural areas in our lives? Right or wrong ways are always among our society, and when we are dealing with an ethical theory deontology system seems more established. This ethics theory, conducts a matter of right and wrong. This indicatesRead MoreSexist vs Misanthrope1018 Words   |  5 PagesIndividualism and Utilitarianism //Carla Non-consequentialist theories †¢ Kant’s Theories: Good will, the categorical imperative Kant in an organisation // Joanna and Hector †¢ Ross // Hector †¢ Virtue Theory // Carla Hybrid Theories †¢ Ruggiero: Obligation, Ideal, Effect // Joanna †¢ Solomon: 3 ‘C’s of business // Daniel †¢ Shaw, Barry Sansbury: logic, facts, moral principles // Daniel Topics chosen to argue in the debate: Non-Consequentialist theories, Open the debate by Joanna: ActRead MoreEssay about Deontological Advertising 1279 Words   |  6 Pagespharmaceutical marketing to consumers. In the age of information, we are no longer limited to television and radio to obtain knowledge. As manifested by my own experiences, if someone would have told me fifteen years ago, that I was to complete my college education online, I would have laughed. I am quite content that technology has put us where we are today. The advertising industry can probably express the same sentiment. However, recently, there has been a growing concern about the ethical soundness of pharmaceuticalRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1601 Words   |  7 Pageswas arguably an effect of the growing ideas of the enlightenment. People within France finally had enough of absolute monarchy and wanted reform. Philosophers and thinkers were crucial to the progress of the enlightenment. Thinkers such as Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, and Adam Smith were prominent figures of the enlightenment. They questioned religion, promoted secularism, and freedom. Most believed that the government was to be an extension of the people and should not be totalitarianRead MoreAn Overview Of The Ethical1407 Words   |  6 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) influenced modern thinking with his â€Å"God is dead† philosophy. This meant that there was no longer any room for God in an enlightened and civilized society. ØïÆ'Ëœ John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) helped popularize the philosophy of utilitarianism. The basic idea is that morality is determined based upon what is the greatest good for the greatest number of people. ØïÆ'Ëœ Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of rationality he dubbed the â€Å"CategoricalRead MoreImmanuel Kants View on Human Nature and the Relationship between Nations2105 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Immanuel Kants View on Human Nature and Relationship between Nations Immanuel Kant (1724 1804) was born in Kaliningrad in East Prussia. Kant spent his working life there and also produced work on various subject matters including ethics metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics etc. He published his three famous critiques and wrote on religion, eternal peace and politics. All of the above, Kant was the philosopher of human autonomy. He was of the view that human beings can determine and manageRead MoreEthics And The Argument On The Existence Of Subjective Moral Value1184 Words   |  5 Pagesmorality. A moral is defined as concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior. Many philosophers have argued and debated about moral subjectivity and objectivity from the start of philosophy. However, I will focus in on and agree with one particular philosopher, J.L. Mackie, and his argument on the existence of subjective moral value. Mackie argues that morals are subjective, therefore they are not agreed upon universally, and there is no underlying correct moral belief. HeRead MoreA Philosophical View Of Animal Rights3663 Words   |  15 Pagesthe scope of our moral deliberations? (Rollin 7). This, Bernard Rollin claims, would be silly. He says that to do this is comparable to a person with a full head of hair excluding all bald men from his moral deliberations simply because they are bald. The true ethical question involved is, ?do these differences serve to justify a moral difference (Rollin 7). Also, which differences between humans and non-humans are significant enough to be considered in determining the non-human?s fate? Over theRead MoreEthics : Virtue Ethics And Ethics1351 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy Final Exam Dawlat Chebly 1/27/15 I. Provide answers for five (5) of the following (6 points each, total of 30 points): 1. what is virtue ethics and what does it do that the two major ethical approaches do not? Virtue ethics is one of the three major approaches in ethics. This approach of ethics emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to other approaches which emphasizes duties or rules. Virtue ethics has three central concepts; virtue, practical wisdom, and eudemonia

Bamn By All Means Necessary Essay Research free essay sample

Bamn By All Means Necessary Essay, Research Paper Subject: There were many things people of democratic state did to protest for their rights and desire freedom. However, the points that they made for their freedom were agreeable and disagreeable. Yippies and # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; were the best illustrations of that in the history of the United States of America. + Some of the points of # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; were so utmost and negative, but others were agreeable and acceptable. It had the incorrect thought but the right tactics because it was backed-up by 10 points. No war was included. + Yippies actions merely benefited to males non females. They had the incorrect thoughts and tactics. They involve in utilizing drugs and ravishing adult females. There are many things the people of democratic state did to halt the unfairness of democratic authorities. The BAMN ( By All Means Necessary ) is the book that shows some of the events happened in the history of the United States of America. In this book, there were different cultural or other groups protesting for their desire freedom and rights. The groups that will be discussed in this study are Yippies and # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; . The writer of # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; didn # 8217 ; t want the Beauty Pageant, and that # 8217 ; s O.K. because she gave 10 points and after all it # 8217 ; s her sentiment. On the other manus, Yippies wants the freedom of making nil. That # 8217 ; s a large difference. The difference is that the universe could populate without holding beauty competitions but it can # 8217 ; t populate without people making nil. There were many things people of democratic state did to protest for their rights and desired freedom. The writer of # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; did the protest by giving 10 points, why there shouldn # 8217 ; t be a Miss American. Some of the points were agreeable and acceptable. There are many points that were made in # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; article with which I agree. One of the points that I agree is that Miss America is a living commercial. This point is agreeable because different companies such as # 8220 ; Pepsi, Toni and Oldsmobile # 8221 ; sponsor the Beauty Pageant. Then, this resulted in the addition of the sale of their merchandises. For illustration, in the commercials, Miss America is imbibing the Pepsi and stating this is the ground I won the Beauty competition so the every miss will imbibe Pepsi. It # 8217 ; s merely a fast one of selling a merchandise ; in other words it # 8217 ; s a trap for the clients by the company. One other point, which is agreeable and acceptable, is that it hurt adult females # 8217 ; s emotions. As mentioned in # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; that the 1 who wins is to be used and the other forty-nine are useless. It hurt other 49 adult females because they feel rejected and useless by losing the Beauty Pageant. Therefore, it hurt those 49 adult females # 8217 ; s feelings. For illustration, the 1 that wins goes to different Tourss and topographic points all over the universe ; those who loses to became Miss America, when they went back to their provinces, they don’t acquire that much regard and sometimes called also-rans. For that ground, when their feelings are hurt, so they don’t have much freedom. That’s why, I think, there shouldn’t be the Miss America, which hurt somebody’s feelings and emotions. There were many things the people of democratic state did to protest for their rights and desire freedom. The Yippies besides did the protest by giving some points to accomplish the freedom of making nil. Some of the points were agreeable and acceptable. Some of the points that were made in article about Yippies were agreeable. One of them was the point that Jerry Rubin made. I agreed with his statement that the authorities thinks that # 8220 ; if your address is uneffective, it is protected by the Constitution, [ and ] if your address is effectual, you are # 8216 ; motivating to riot # 8217 ; . # 8221 ; That # 8217 ; s the ground, Rubins was contending for the freedom of address. It is true because the Yippies were protesting for their freedom against the democratic authorities, and the authorities was crushing them and it was interrupting the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The first amendment says that you have a freedom of address, and Yippies were showing their positions and sentiment, but the authorities ordered the constabulary to crush them. The Yippies addresss were effectual and many people were holding with them. Therefore, the authorities incited them to riot. One of the strong points that Yippies made which I agreed was that to portion nutrient, money, organic structures, energy, thoughts, blood, and defence to try the peace. This proves that the Yippies wanted the peace, and I # 8217 ; m peaceable individual, excessively. This besides makes it a strong and agreeable point. For illustration, when they will portion thoughts about the freedom for making nil, they will able to acquire the program for accomplishing that end. When they will portion love, no 1 will contend. When they will portion nutrient and money, no 1 will be destitute, and when they will portion blood so no 1 will decease. If person is deceasing and there is no blood so anybody with the same blood group could give blood to salvage his fellow live. In decision, the Yippies and the writer of # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; are one of those who did many things to protest for their rights and desire freedom. The desire freedom for Yippies was that they wanted the freedom for making nil and for # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; that there shouldn # 8217 ; t be a Miss America. To back up their freedom they made some agreeable and disagreeable points. That # 8217 ; s why they ( Yippies and the writer of # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; ) are same. The writer of # 8220 ; No More Miss America # 8221 ; didn # 8217 ; t want the Beauty Pageant, and that # 8217 ; s O.K. because she gave 10 points and after all it # 8217 ; s her sentiment. On the other manus, Yippies wants the freedom of making nil. After this treatment, I don # 8217 ; t see how the universe could populate without holding beauty competitions but it can # 8217 ; t populate without people making nil. We, the people, the worlds are bonded to wo rk. That # 8217 ; s our life.

The Austro

The Austro-Prussian War Austrias War with Prus Essay sia in 1866TheAustro-Prussian War Austrias War with Prussia in 1866One nation. A single, unified nationpowerful enough to plunge Europe and the world into two of the most devastatingwars in history. That is the legacy of Germany. Two world warsare all we remember of a unified Germany. But, we never rememberthe struggle that took place to create such an entity. As GeoffryWawro covers well in this book, the Austro-Prussian War was the turningpoint in German history that allowed Prussia to become the major figurein German affairs and start to unify the German confederation under onepower, ending years of Austrian interference. Although wading throughthe tactical and strategic events of this war in detail, Wawro does notlose sight of the very important political aspects of this war, which beganGermanys unification in earnest. This unification of Germany wouldprove to be one of the most influential events in Europe, with its effectsbeing felt well into the next century. A unified Germany , and othersfear of it, would be one of the stumbling blocks that would lead to thefirst Great War and quickly after it, another one. But withoutPrussias ascendance to the top of the German states, both World Wars mightnot have happened. So it is about time to lavish some of the attentiongiven those two wars on one of its major causes, which Wawro does a greatjob of. We will write a custom essay on The Austro-Prussian War Austrias War with Prus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Geoffry Wawro himself is a rather youngwriter. A recent graduate of Yale, Wawros book is an expansion onhis doctoral dissertation, which won him a fellowship from the AustrianCultural Institute in 1994 for Best Dissertation on Austrian Culture. This fellowship allowed him to spend two years converting his dissertationinto this book. Although young and relatively new to book writing,Wawro shows a good grasp of the tools necessary to be a successful writer. He has another book, on the Franco-Prussian of 1870, in planning. Wawro builds his book chronologically,beginning with the Congress of Vienna in 1815. He describes the problemsassociated with the German peoples attempts to unify after the allieddefeat of Napoleon. He then goes on to detail how Austria and Prussia bothvied for supremacy in the confederation of German states. He focusesmainly on the direct confrontations between the two nations and the abilitiesof their leaders. Wawro appears almost to be a Germanophile as hefawns over the ingenious political strategies of Prussian Chancellor Bismarck,while constantly berating the sub-par performance of Austrian Emperor FranzJoseph. He also uses the beginning of the book to describe past Austriandomination in Italian affairs, and the animosity that was building betweenthese two states. He reviews the history of Austrian interferencein Italy that drove the Italians into a military alliance with Prussia,and eventually into the war. Although he is less enamored of Italysleaders, he still holds them abov e the Austrian leaders whom he portraysas foreign interlopers trying to prevent Italian unity as much as German. He moves through the months and years quickly, going from one crisis tothe next until the three nations were on the brink of war, with Austriafacing a double-edged sword, Italy in the south and Prussia in the north. The main force of the book is Wawrosretelling of the war; planning, mobilization, and engagements. Heuses a whole chapter to detail all three nations problems in organizationand preparedness. He repeatedly praises the Prussians for their efficiencyin mobilization of troops and superior strategy. Wawro humbles boththe Austrians and Italians as he berates both nations military state insupplies, manpower, technology, and strategy. He takes special interestin pointing out the ineptitude of Italian and Austrian generals and thepolitical intrigue and maneuvering that got them their commands. .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf , .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .postImageUrl , .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf , .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf:hover , .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf:visited , .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf:active { border:0!important; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf:active , .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u439e5b6ab9cb51d6b04319932393a0bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Walmart EssayAs the war begins he first covers the Prussian advance from the north andtheir quick defeat of the Austrian allies, before their new envelopmenttactics on a poorly placed and poorly led Austrian army. He showerspraise on this new Prussian tactic that proved unbeatable against an Austrianarmy that ignored its natural defenses, limited its own mobility, and whosegenerals ignorance and laziness allowed it to be swallowed up by a superiorPrussian force. He then focuses on the belated Italian attack, whichwas a case study in ineptitude, as both Italian and Austrian commandersbungled from one battle to another. Eventually, he covers the mainbattle of Custoza which t he Austrians barley winning, mostly due to theirsuperior firepower and weapons. After repulsing Italy, the Austriansthen sent reinforcements to the north, which is where Wawro then takeshis book. He finishes be explaining how the Prussian army moved furtherand further south by enveloping, breaking, and then chasing down the Austrianarmy at every instance. Eventually, the immobile and demoralizedAustrians retreated and the Prussians marched on Vienna where the Austrianswere forced to sue for peace. After discussing the devastating termslaid on the Austrians and their allies by Prussia, Wawro goes on to discusstheir political aftermath. He shows how once Prussian dominance wasestablished in the German confederation and Bismarck had absorbed the opponentsto Prussian rule, Prussia tossed Italy aside and forced them to sign aseparate peace. After Austria was defeated, Prussia turned its backon the lesser powers of Europe and focused on unifying the rest of Germanyin the west. Wawro discusses Prussian policy after the war with aheavy focus on their turn towards the west, foreshadowing their war withFrance in 1870. Prussia had defeated its biggest foe to this pointand as was recognized by the Austrian minister of state in 1866, and quotedby Wawro in this book, Prussia will not neglect the opportunity to showthe world and especially France- the immense power of its new position(p. 296). Not only does Wawro provide a blow-by-blowaccount of how the Prussian-Italian alliance eventually defeated the Austrianarmy, but he also goes to great lengths to explain why. Throughoutthe book Wawro reiterates several times how superior Prussian technology,tactics, and leadership carried the war. He gives an in-depth lookat how Hapsburg complacency and inefficiency, especially by the Austriangenerals, blundered away the war. Even before his discussion of thewar, he derides Austrian preparedness and pales them in comparison withthe Prussians. As for the war, he does not get so deep into the tacticsof every battle without explaining the strategic problems and poor judgmentsthat led to it. He gives a biting, almost vindictive, criticism ofthe inept Austrian army. Their lack of supplies and training, horriblemorale, ignorance of technology and tactics, and need for innovative leadershipis all scrutinized. He explains how the Austrian General Staff foolishlyplaced themselves away form th eir natural defenses, cutting their mobilityand offensive capabilities to nothing. Their laziness and reluctanceto engage the Prussian enemy, hoping to draw them into one decisive battle,is particularly scathed by Wawro. He places the Prussians and theirinnovative tactics on a pedestal, showing again and again how their strategyof envelopment, along with their superior weapons, overwhelmed the Austrians,first in Bavaria and Saxony and then against the Austrian North Army atKoniggratz. He does not treat the Italians much better, and doesnot focus much of the book on the southern front, except for the majorbattle at Custoza where he chides both sides repeatedly. Wawro finishesthe book sounding almost germanophilic, but his thesis holds true without. .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db , .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .postImageUrl , .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db , .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db:hover , .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db:visited , .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db:active { border:0!important; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db:active , .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44ad61b70ac2a54d04314b94fe8887db:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Killer Instinct EssayPrussia defeated Austria through the overwhelming force of superior Prussianweapons and tactics, coupled with the inexcusable complacency and ineffectivenessof the Austrian Army and General Staff. Wawros selected audience for this bookis most likely that portion of history students known as armchair historians. This is a perfect book for those who are fully into the field of historybut consume their free time with it. However, the general publicwould shy away from a book with so much detailed tactical information. Although Wawro provides good maps of troop placements and battles, whichhe uses to back up his points about Austrian and Italian mistakes, he clearlystill assumes a lot of knowledge on the part of the reader as to Austrian,Italian, and German geography. Also, Wawros bibliography is a longlist from Austrian archives and the few published works are almost allin German or Austrian. Thus, Wawro would overwhelm the common readerswhile historians of this time would likely not discover anything new inthis book. More scholarly than popular, Wawros book is perfect forthe at-home historian. Wawros book serves it purpose well. A former dissertation, the book is converted nicely into a format perfectfor those with an interest in the subject. Although a bit of pro-Prussianbias lurks throughout, Wawro accomplishes what the title promises, a thoroughrecollection of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. Again, I would notrecommend it to just anyone on the street because the author is writingto a more scholarly audience than that. However, the book is enjoyableand enlightening as to the tactics of mid-nineteenth century warfare, andis a good read for anyone with a real interest in the field.